1. Acids
Food acids are added to make flavors
"sharper", and also act as preservatives and antioxidants. Common
food acids include vinegar, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, and lactic acid.
Asam makanan ditambahkan untuk
membuat rasa "tajam", dan juga bertindak sebagai pengawet dan
antioksidan. Asam makanan umum termasuk cuka, asam sitrat, asam tartarat, asam
malat, asam fumarat, dan asam laktat.
2. Acidity regulators
Acidity regulators are used to change or
otherwise control the acidity and alkalinity of foods. Commonly used acidity regulators are citric, acetic and
lactic acids.
Keasaman regulator yang digunakan
untuk mengubah atau mengendalikan keasaman dan alkalinitas makanan.
3.
Anticaking
agents
Anticaking agents keep powders such as milk
powder from caking or sticking. An anticaking agent is an additive placed
in powdered or granulated materials,
such as table salt, to prevent the formation
of lumps and for easing packaging, transport, and consumption. Example: E341 Tricalcium phosphate, E460(ii) Powdered cellulose, E470b Magnesium stearate, E500 Sodium bicarbonate, E535 Sodium ferrocyanide, E536 Potassium ferrocyanide
Agen Anticaking menjaga bubuk seperti susu bubuk dari caking atau menempel. Suatu zat anticaking merupakan aditif ditempatkan di bahan bubuk atau butiran, seperti garam dapur, untuk mencegah pembentukan gumpalan dan untuk mengurangi kemasan, transportasi, dan konsumsi.
Agen Anticaking menjaga bubuk seperti susu bubuk dari caking atau menempel. Suatu zat anticaking merupakan aditif ditempatkan di bahan bubuk atau butiran, seperti garam dapur, untuk mencegah pembentukan gumpalan dan untuk mengurangi kemasan, transportasi, dan konsumsi.
4.
Antifoaming
agents
Antifoaming agents reduce or prevent foaming in
foods.Defoamer or an anti-foaming agent is a chemical additive that reduces and hinders
the formation of foam in industrial process liquids. Generally defoamer is a mixture of several materials
such as mineral oil, solid organic compounds, and quaternary ammonium
compounds. For example, a mixture of fatty oils, surfactants, and derivative
compounds of silica; mixture of alcohol, silica derived compounds, and
surfactants; mixture of esters, mineral oils and silica derived compounds;
etc..
Agen antifoaming
mengurangi atau mencegah berbusa di foods.Defoamer atau agen anti-berbusa
adalah aditif kimia yang mengurangi dan menghambat pembentukan busa dalam
cairan proses industri.
5. Antioxidants
Antioxidants such as vitamin C act as preservatives by inhibiting the effects of oxygen on food, and can be beneficial to health. Antioxidants are widely used in dietary supplements and have been investigated for the prevention of diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease and even altitude sickness. Antioxidants are used as food additives to help guard against food deterioration.Ex : Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), Vitamin E (tocopherols, tocotrienols), Polyphenolic antioxidants (resveratrol, flavonoids)
Antioxidants such as vitamin C act as preservatives by inhibiting the effects of oxygen on food, and can be beneficial to health. Antioxidants are widely used in dietary supplements and have been investigated for the prevention of diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease and even altitude sickness. Antioxidants are used as food additives to help guard against food deterioration.Ex : Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), Vitamin E (tocopherols, tocotrienols), Polyphenolic antioxidants (resveratrol, flavonoids)
Antioksidan seperti vitamin C bertindak
sebagai pengawet dengan menghambat efek oksigen pada makanan, dan dapat
bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Antioksidan secara luas digunakan dalam suplemen
makanan dan telah diselidiki untuk pencegahan penyakit seperti kanker, penyakit
jantung koroner dan penyakit bahkan ketinggian. Antioksidan
digunakan sebagai aditif makanan untuk membantu mencegah kerusakan makanan.
6. Bulking agents
Bulking agents such as starch are additives that increase
the bulk of a food without affecting its taste. Widely used prepared foods containing
starch are bread, pancakes, cereals, noodles, pasta, porridge and tortilla.
Agen Bulking seperti kanji merupakan
aditif yang meningkatkan bagian terbesar dari makanan tanpa mempengaruhi rasa.
7.
Food
coloring
Colorings are added to food to replace
colors lost during preparation, or to make food look more attractive.
Caramel coloring (E150), Annatto (E160b), Chlorophyllin (E140),
a green dye made from chlorella algae, Cochineal (E120),
a red dye derived from the cochineal insect.
Pewarna
ditambahkan ke makanan untuk mengganti warna hilang selama persiapan, atau
untuk membuat makanan terlihat lebih menarik.
8.
Color
retention agents
In contrast to colorings, color retention agents are used to preserve a food's
existing color. Many of them work by absorbing or
binding to oxygen before it can damage food (antioxidants). For example,
ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is often added to brightly coloured fruits such as
peaches during canning.
Berbeda dengan pewarna, warna agen
retensi yang digunakan untuk mengawetkan warna yang ada dari makanan. Banyak
dari mereka bekerja dengan menyerap atau mengikat oksigen sebelum dapat merusak
makanan (antioksidan). Misalnya, asam askorbat (vitamin C) sering ditambahkan
ke buah berwarna cerah seperti peach selama pengalengan.
9.
Emulsifiers
Emulsifiers allow water and oils to remain mixed together in an emulsion, as in mayonnaise, ice cream, and homogenized milk. Crema (foam) in espresso – coffee oil in water (brewed coffee), unstable emulsionWater-in-oil emulsions are less common in food but still exist:Butter – an emulsion of water in butterfat
Emulsifiers allow water and oils to remain mixed together in an emulsion, as in mayonnaise, ice cream, and homogenized milk. Crema (foam) in espresso – coffee oil in water (brewed coffee), unstable emulsionWater-in-oil emulsions are less common in food but still exist:Butter – an emulsion of water in butterfat
Emulsifier memungkinkan air dan
minyak untuk tetap dicampur dalam emulsi, seperti pada mayones, es krim, dan
susu homogen. Crema (busa) di espresso - kopi minyak dalam air (kopi tubruk),
emulsion. Water-dalam-minyak emulsi kurang umum dalam makanan, tetapi masih
ada: Butter - emulsi air dalam lemak susu
10. Flavors
Flavors are additives that give food a
particular taste or smell, and may be derived from natural ingredients or
created artificially. Flavorant is defined as a substance that gives another
substance flavor, altering the characteristics of the solute, causing it to
become sweet, sour, tangy, etc.
Flavors adalah aditif yang memberikan
makanan rasa tertentu atau bau, dan mungkin berasal dari bahan-bahan alam atau
diciptakan secara artifisial. Flavorant didefinisikan sebagai zat yang
memberikan rasa substansi lain, mengubah karakteristik zat terlarut,
menyebabkan ia menjadi manis, asam, tajam, dll
11. Flavor enhancers
Flavor enhancers enhance a food's existing
flavors. They may be extracted from natural sources (through distillation, solvent extraction, maceration, among other methods)
or created artificially.
Penguat rasa meningkatkan rasa ada makanan
ini. Mereka dapat diekstraksi dari sumber alami (melalui penyulingan, maserasi
pelarut, ekstraksi, antara metode lain) atau diciptakan secara artifisial.
12. Flour treatment agents
Flour treatment agents are food additives combined with flour to
improve baking functionality. Flour treatment agents are used to increase the
speed of dough rising and to improve the strength and workability of the dough.
Tepung agen pengobatan adalah makanan
aditif dikombinasikan dengan tepung untuk meningkatkan fungsi baking. Tepung
agen pengobatan digunakan untuk meningkatkan kecepatan rising adonan dan untuk
meningkatkan kekuatan dan kemampuan kerja dari adonan
13. Glazing agents
Glazing agents provide a shiny appearance or
protective coating to foods This glazing agent is made up of a substance that is
classified as a wax.Examples
are:Stearic acid (E570), Beeswax (E901), Candelilla
wax (E902),Carnauba wax (E903).
Agen Glazing memberikan penampilan mengkilap atau lapisan pelindung untuk
makanan. Agen kaca terdiri dari zat yang diklasifikasikan sebagai lilin.
14.
Humectants
Humectants prevent foods from drying out. When a humectant is used as a food additive, the humectant is often used to keep the food product moist. Other examples of humectant use for human consumption can be found in cigarette and other tobacco product manufacturing.
Humectants prevent foods from drying out. When a humectant is used as a food additive, the humectant is often used to keep the food product moist. Other examples of humectant use for human consumption can be found in cigarette and other tobacco product manufacturing.
propylene glycol (E1520)
as well as hexylene glycol and butylene glycol,glyceryl triacetate (E1518),vinyl alcohol.
Humectants
mencegah pangan dari kekeringan.
15.
Tracer
gas
Tracer gas allow for package integrity
testing to prevent foods from being exposed to atmosphere, thus guaranteeing
shelf life. Several tracer-gas leak testing methods
exist among which the methods of choice are:Helium mass
spectrometer or
helium leak detection, providing the highest sensitivity,Hydrogen leak testing or
hydrogen leak detection, providing the best mobility,Refrigerant gas leak
detection, for refrigeration applications.
Tracer gas memungkinkan untuk pengujian integritas paket
untuk mencegah makanan dari yang terkena atmosfer, sehingga menjamin daya
simpan
16.
Preservatives
Preservatives prevent or inhibit spoilage of
food due to fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms. Typically arsenic, copper, chromium, borate,
and petroleum based chemical compounds are used
Pengawet mencegah atau menghambat
pembusukan makanan akibat jamur, bakteri dan mikroorganisme lainnya.
17.
Stabilizers
Stabilizers,
thickeners and gelling agents, like agar or pectin (used in jam for example)
give foods a firmer texture. While they are not true emulsifiers, they help to
stabilize emulsions. stabilizer is a chemical which tends to inhibit the
reaction between two or more other chemicals. It can be thought of as the
antonym to a catalyst.
Some kinds of stabilizers are:antioxidants,
preventing unwanted oxidation of materials,sequestrants,
forming chelate complexes and
inactivating traces of metal ions that would otherwise act as catalysts,emulsifiers and surfactants,
for stabilization of emulsions.
Stabilizer, pengental dan agen
pembentuk gel, seperti agar-agar atau pektin (digunakan dalam kemacetan
misalnya) memberikan makanan tekstur yang lebih tegas. Sementara mereka tidak
pengemulsi benar, mereka membantu untuk menstabilkan emulsi. stabilizer adalah
bahan kimia yang cenderung menghambat reaksi antara dua atau lebih bahan kimia
lainnya. Hal ini dapat dianggap sebagai antonym untuk katalis
18.
Sweeteners
Sweeteners are added to foods for
flavoring. Sweeteners other than sugar are added to keep the food
energy (calories) low, or because they have
beneficial effects for diabetes mellitus andtooth decay and diarrhea. Sugar in used :
aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin,sucralose,etc
Pemanis ditambahkan ke makanan untuk
aroma. Pemanis selain gula ditambahkan untuk menjaga energi makanan (kalori)
rendah, atau karena mereka memiliki efek menguntungkan untuk diabetes mellitus
pembusukan andtooth dan diare
19. Thickeners
Thickeners are substances which, when
added to the mixture, increase its viscosity without substantially
modifying its other properties.
Vegetable gums used as food thickeners include alginin, guar gum, locust bean gum, and xanthan
gum.
Proteins used as food thickeners include collagen, egg whites, furcellaran, and gelatin
Pengental adalah zat yang, ketika
ditambahkan ke campuran, meningkatkan viskositas tanpa substansial memodifikasi
sifat lainnya. Sayuran gusi digunakan sebagai pengental makanan termasuk
alginin, permen guar, permen kacang locust, dan xanthan. Protein digunakan
sebagai pengental makanan termasuk putih kolagen, telur, furcellaran, dan
gelatin
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